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Groundwater

Exploration, drilling, monitoring. a complete groundwater service from GEO Resources

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GEO Resources provide a complete surface groundwater source development service. From initial investigative work and budget management to HSE assessments, we manage the entire process, right through to project completion.

Our firm commitment to delivering a cost-effective, efficient and expert-led service for all our clients makes GEO Resources the perfect choice for your next project. GEO Resources assign experienced engineers to every job. They utilise the latest technology and high-quality equipment on-site, ensuring the best possible outcome for every groundwater operation.

  • Surveys
  • Budgeting
  • Acquisition
  • Project supervision
  • Exploration programmes
  • HSE audits & inspections
  • Training and development
  • Seismic data quality control

A Complete Groundwater SOURCE development service – from GEO RESOURCES

Drilling and Testing

At GEO Resources, we understand that expert project management underpins the success of groundwater source development projects.

GEO Resources borehole drilling projects encompass borehole siting, design, drilling, development and completion, borehole testing (yield and water quality) and pump installation.

Specialist expertise is essential for the smooth running of a well drilling project, across the procurement and contract management process. GEO Resources always assign an experienced project manager to oversee borehole drilling projects. Each element of the process is closely managed in order that a cost-effective, efficient service is delivered to all clients.

3D-magnetic-map-GEO Resources

Borehole siting & preparation

Initial reconnaissance: Existing maps and information are gathered, ascertaining geological and hydrogeological conditions. This is an essential first step for understanding groundwater resources.GEO Resources can obtain additional information where required – or where none already exists – from satellite imaging or field mapping.

Field observations are made of the local geology, hydrogeology and any existing (dry or wet season) water sources. Local consultations on seasonal variances in water yield and quality are undertaken as necessary. Any potential local pollution sources are identified, such as pit latrines, burial grounds, cattle pens or market areas. This fieldwork is always undertaken by a member of the GEO Resources team with extensive previous borehole development experience.

This is undertaken using resistivity or electromagnetic techniques. Must be combined with reconnaissance data and hydrogeological fieldwork. It is important to analyse geophysical data correctly so that it gives good information. Investment in training staff is often beneficial.

Borehole construction
Supervision
GEO Resources always provide experienced supervision of drilling – quite simply, it is essential for ensuring a successful drill and the longevity of water boreholes. Geological data is obtained from drilled rock chips and measurement of penetration rates, with hydrogeological information gathered from water strikes. This useful data can only be obtained with drilling. GEO Resources ensure expert engineers are tasked with obtaining this data, ensuring its reliability.
Design & construction
The design of every borehole should be adapted to the particular geology found at the drilling site, based on the information collected during drilling. GEO Resources always deploy engineers with in-depth knowledge and experience at this critical juncture in the borehole installation process.
Testing
Assessment of the source yield is undertaken at this stage, Ordinarily, this consists of assessing the sustainable yield of a borehole or well by undertaking a pumping test. In the case of a spring, it may require seasonal measurement of spring flow. It is essential to gather accurate data at this stage, in order that long-term viability sustainability of the source can be ascertained.
GEO Resources assign an experienced hydrogeologist or engineer to carry out the pumping test, which takes on average around one day per borehole. For higher yielding boreholes, an electric pump and generator will be used.
Quality assessment
This essential, final phase of the process measures the most important chemical and biological parameters that can impact human health. While some parameters can be measured quickly in the field using relatively simple equipment, but most need to be collected and sent to a laboratory. A well-trained field technician is always detailed to carry out sampling.
GET IN TOUCH
For further information on any of our groundwater services, or to speak to a member of our expert team,
call or email GEO Resources today.
Electrical Resistivity Investigation by GEO RESOURCES

Utilised across a range of environments and depths, the electrical resistivity technique  of geophysical exploration is suitable for both soundings and profiling. This method is used to explore:

  • Geologic structure
  • Thickness of overburden
  • Location of sinkholes and cavities
  • Depth to freshwater-saltwater interface
  • Groundwater depth
  • Contamination of groundwater
  • Lithology favourable for groundwater
  • Detection of fractures and dikes
  • Qualitative interpretation of the data is efficient and straightforward
  • Multi-purpose – can be used for various purposes and depths of investigation
  • Shallow investigations are fast and accurate
  • Minimises field expenses
  • Cost-effective

Resistivity Imaging (Tomography)

Resistivity geophysical surveys measure variations in the electrical resistivity of the ground, by applying small electric currents across arrays of ground electrodes. This technology can be used by GEO Resources to obtain images of relatively static subsurface site conditions.

The survey data is processed to produce electrical resistivity tomographs using inversion algorithms. The resistivity sections are correlated with ground interfaces such as soil and fill layers or soil-bedrock interfaces, to provide engineers with detailed information on subsurface ground conditions.

Tomography imaging by GEO Resources

Resistivity imaging, also known as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a particularly useful survey method in clayey ground, where techniques such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) are less effective. The method can also help to identify transitional boundaries in subsurface layers that can be difficult to detect using other geophysical methods and is a useful tool for locating deep seated sinkholes, mine workings and detection of metallic ore bodies.

Resistivity soundings, profiles and ERT are also used to assess the geometry of aquifers and their likely water quality. These tools are particularly useful in
locating water supplies.

TOMOGRAPHY by GEO RESOURCES – Detecting the parts other geophysical methods cannot reach

  • Rapid collection of data
  • Ascertains likely water quality of aquifers
  • Locates metallic ore sources, disused mines and sinkholes
  • Advanced method of exploration – 2D and 3D surveys available
TDEM-Image

Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) Soundings

Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings are widely used by GEO Resources in exploration geophysics for mapping subsurface layers. TDEM is a relatively low cost, rapid, and noninvasive reconnaissance tool to locate potential water resources.

The TDEM method is well suited to near-surface hydrological studies as it can be used to differentiate between fresh, brackish, and saline water. It is used to investigate the electrical conductivity of the subsurface through measurements of electromagnetic field over time.

The characteristics of the TDEM responses of the earth due to a pulsed primary signal from a large wire square-loop laid on the ground surface yields information about the variations of the electrical conductivity with depth.

The conductivity of soils and rocks are controlled by mineralogy, clay content, water content, salinity, and porosity. Changes in the conductivity of soils and rocks produce variations in the electromagnetic signature.

A combination of existing well water quality measurements borehole data and surface TDEM can be used to accurately map the subsurface water resources with one caveat: a signal from clay can sometimes produce a response similar to water.

TDEM surveys – conducted by GEO Resources

  • Thermal : Extent of hydrothermal alteration mineralogy may be inferred
  • Hydrological information such as depth to groundwater table may be determined
  • Structural/Stratigraphic : Structural information gathered from TDEM data
  • Lithology : Detection of rock units or geological features with contrasting apparent resistivity.
  • Ore explorations
  • Environmental studies
  • Hydrogeological investigations
  • Magnetotelluric (MT) static shift corrections
  • In geothermal areas – conductive clay cap reconstructions
  • Engineering studies – water sourcing, Earth layering, bedrock delineation

OUR CLIENTS

Groundwater monitoring consists of measuring water levels and the sampling of water for analysis. GEO Resources deliver a complete quality control service for all clients.

GEO Resources conduct appropriate risk assessments, which can include comparison tests against environmental and/or drinking water standards. Long-term monitoring can also be conducted.

In cases where contaminants are deemed to be outside a permissible range, remedial works can then be identified, in order that the appropriate water quality is achieved.

• Network design monitoring
• Monitoring wells and surface water gauge boards installed
• Monitoring of water level
• Water level loggers installed
• Gauging of surface water flow
• Pumping tested
• Sampling of water quality
• Comprehensive data analysis

Groundwater monitoring is the final, crucial element of GEO Resources’ expert water drill project management process. Our rigorous approach to not only delivering optimal value for our clients, but also ensuring safety and quality of the water supply, ensures the success of every groundwater drilling project we undertake.

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